{"id":6543,"date":"2026-08-11T22:31:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/?p=6543"},"modified":"2026-09-23T15:25:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T12:25:31","slug":"gubreleme-programlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/08\/11\/gubreleme-programlari\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcbreleme Programlar\u0131 ve Zamanlamas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u00fcbreleme Programlar\u0131 ve Zamanlamas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"G\u00fcbreleme<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilin\u00e7li \u00dcretimin Anahtar\u0131<\/mark><\/strong>
Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde verim ve kaliteyi art\u0131rman\u0131n en etkili yollar\u0131ndan biri, do\u011fru g\u00fcbreleme program\u0131 uygulamakt\u0131r. Ancak “kom\u015fu ne kullan\u0131yorsa ben de onu kullanay\u0131m”<\/mark> <\/strong>yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, hem ekonomik kayba hem de \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine yol a\u00e7ar. Peki, bilin\u00e7li bir g\u00fcbreleme program\u0131 nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur? \u0130\u015fte Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan derlenen pratik bir rehber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. G\u00fcbrelemede \u0130lk Ad\u0131m: Toprak Analizi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcbreleme program\u0131n\u0131n temelini toprak analizi olu\u015fturur. TOPRAK ANAL\u0130Z\u0130<\/a> <\/strong>Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 Toprak, G\u00fcbre ve Su Kaynaklar\u0131 Merkez Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn<\/strong> haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcbre Tavsiye \u00c7izelgeleri, b\u00f6lgelere ve bitki t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re g\u00fcbre miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
Toprak analizi neden \u015fart?<\/strong>
Topra\u011f\u0131n pH, tuz, organik madde ve bitkiye yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131 besin maddesi miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar. Gereksiz g\u00fcbre masraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bilin\u00e7siz g\u00fcbrelemenin %30-50 oran\u0131nda israf olu\u015fturdu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/mark>
G\u00fcbre desteklerinden yararlanmak i\u00e7in toprak analizi raporu zorunludur.<\/mark><\/strong>
Analiz s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/strong>Tek y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkilerde her \u00fcretim sezonu \u00f6ncesi, \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkilerde ise iki y\u0131lda bir analiz yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. G\u00fcbreleme Program\u0131n\u0131n Temel Unsurlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n


Bir g\u00fcbreleme program\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131na dayan\u0131r: <\/strong>
T\u00fcrkiye’nin her b\u00f6lgesinin toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> <\/mark>Akdeniz, Karadeniz, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu gibi b\u00f6lgelere \u00f6zg\u00fc g\u00fcbre tavsiye cetvelleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
Bitki T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/mark><\/strong> Bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r, sebze veya meyve; her bitkinin besin ihtiyac\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r.
Toprak Verimlili\u011fi <\/mark><\/strong>Analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re eksik olan besin elementleri belirlenir.
\u00d6nemli bir kural:<\/strong> Fazla g\u00fcbre, fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn demek de\u011fildir. Aksine, bitkinin ihtiyac\u0131ndan fazla verilen fosfor; demir ve \u00e7inko gibi elementlerin al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3. G\u00fcbreleme Zamanlamas\u0131: Ne Zaman, Hangi G\u00fcbre?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcbreleme, bitkinin geli\u015fim evrelerine g\u00f6re planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcbreleme iki ana d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n


A. Taban G\u00fcbresi (Temel G\u00fcbreleme)<\/mark><\/strong>
Zaman\u0131:<\/strong> Ekim\/dikim \u00f6ncesi, toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda.
Ama\u00e7: <\/strong>Bitkinin ilk geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminde ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 fosfor ve potasyumu kar\u015f\u0131lamak.
Kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcbreler: <\/strong>Fosforlu g\u00fcbreler (DAP, TSP) ve potasyumlu g\u00fcbreler.

B. \u00dcst G\u00fcbresi (Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 G\u00fcbreleme)<\/mark><\/strong>
Zaman\u0131: <\/strong>Bitkinin vejetatif geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminde, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme \u00f6ncesi ve meyve geli\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda.
Ama\u00e7: <\/strong>Azot ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve verimi art\u0131rmak.
Kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcbreler: <\/strong>Azotlu g\u00fcbreler (\u00dcre, Amonyum Nitrat, CAN).

Mevsimsel G\u00fcbreleme Takvimi<\/strong>
Sonbahar <\/strong>K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ekili\u015flerde taban g\u00fcbresi Kompoze g\u00fcbre, fosforlu g\u00fcbreler
\u0130lkbahar <\/strong>\u00dcst g\u00fcbreleme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 Azotlu g\u00fcbreler (\u00dcre, CAN)
Yaz \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme ve meyve tutumu d\u00f6neminde Potasyumlu g\u00fcbreler; <\/strong>yaprak g\u00fcbresi varsa sabah erken veya ak\u015fam\u00fcst\u00fc uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r
Hasat Sonras\u0131 Topra\u011f\u0131 dinlendirme Organik g\u00fcbreler <\/strong>(\u00e7iftlik g\u00fcbresi, kompost)

\u26a0\ufe0f Yaz Mevsimi Uyar\u0131s\u0131: Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcnlerde (30\u00b0C \u00fczeri) yaprak g\u00fcbresi uygulamas\u0131, yapraklarda fitotoksisite (yanma\/kavurma) riski olu\u015fturur. Yaprak g\u00fcbresi verilecekse mutlaka sabah erken saatlerde (06:00-09:00) veya ak\u015fam\u00fcst\u00fc (17:00-19:00) gibi serin periyotlarda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4. G\u00fcbre Miktar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toprak analiz raporlar\u0131nda azot (N), fosfor (P\u2082O\u2085) ve potasyum (K\u2082O) “saf madde” olarak verilir. Bu de\u011ferleri kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u00fcbre cinsine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in katsay\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.

Katsay\u0131lar, g\u00fcbrenin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi saf madde y\u00fczdesine g\u00f6re matematiksel olarak hesaplan\u0131r (100 \u00f7 g\u00fcbrenin y\u00fczdesi):

G\u00fcbre Cinsi Saf Madde % \u00c7arpma Katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>
Amonyum Nitrat %33 3,03, <\/mark>
Triple S\u00fcper Fosfat (TSP) %42 2,38, <\/mark>
Potasyum S\u00fclfat %50 2,00<\/mark>

\u00d6rnek hesaplama:<\/strong>
Raporunuzda 9 kg saf azot \u00f6nerilmi\u015fse ve Amonyum Nitrat (%33) kullanacaksan\u0131z:
9 \u00d7 3,03 = 27,27 kg\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm
8 kg saf fosfor (P\u2082O\u2085) \u00f6nerilmi\u015fse ve TSP (%42) kullanacaksan\u0131z:
8 \u00d7 2,38 = 19,04 kg\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm
7 kg saf potasyum (K\u2082O) \u00f6nerilmi\u015fse ve Potasyum S\u00fclfat (%50) kullanacaksan\u0131z:
7 \u00d7 2,0 = 14 kg\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm
Not: Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda pratik hesaplama kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in katsay\u0131lar yuvarlak olarak verilebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin 3,0 veya 2,3). Ancak en do\u011fru sonu\u00e7, yukar\u0131daki matematiksel katsay\u0131larla elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Uygulama Y\u00f6ntemleri ve Dikkat Edilecekler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m \u0130\u015fletmeleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (T\u0130GEM) Teknik Y\u00f6nergesi’ne <\/mark>g\u00f6re g\u00fcbreleme uygulamalar\u0131nda \u015fu kurallara uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r:

a)<\/strong> G\u00fcbreleme makinelerinin ayarlar\u0131 uygulama \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131, s\u0131k s\u0131k kontrol edilmelidir.<\/strong>
b) G\u00fcbrelenmeyen alan kalmamal\u0131 veya \u00fcst \u00fcste g\u00fcbreleme yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>
c)<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle hububatta homojen da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>
d) Uygulama sonras\u0131 g\u00fcbreleme cetvelleri d\u00fczenlenerek kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>
e) Meyve bah\u00e7elerinde g\u00fcbreleme, ta\u00e7 izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne (a\u011fac\u0131n g\u00f6lge alan\u0131na) banda \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemle g\u00fcbre k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015f\u0131r ve verimlilik artar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Sonu\u00e7: Ak\u0131ll\u0131 G\u00fcbreleme, S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Tar\u0131m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ideal bir g\u00fcbreleme program\u0131 toprak ve yaprak analizlerine dayal\u0131d\u0131r.

Do\u011fru zamanda, do\u011fru miktarda ve do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131lan g\u00fcbreleme ile:
1) %20-40 g\u00fcbre tasarrufu sa\u011flan\u0131r,
2) Verimde %15-30 art\u0131\u015f elde edilir,
3) Toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korunur, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi \u00f6nlenir.<\/strong><\/mark>

Unutmay\u0131n: Uygun g\u00fcbreleme, bol \u00fcr\u00fcn ve bol para demektir. <\/strong>
Topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131madan g\u00fcbrelemeye ba\u015flamay\u0131n; analiz yapt\u0131r\u0131n, uzman tavsiyesi al\u0131n ve \u00fcretiminizi bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde art\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T.C. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, TAGEM, “G\u00fcbre Tavsiyeleri” (TEK\u0130RDA\u011e)<\/a>
T.C. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmaniye \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, “G\u00fcbreleme Rehberi 2020”<\/a>
T.C. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u0130GEM, “Bitkisel \u00dcretim \u0130\u015fleri Teknik Y\u00f6nergesi”<\/a>
T.C. Resm\u00ee Gazete, 7 Aral\u0131k 2010, Say\u0131: 27778, “\u0130yi Tar\u0131m Uygulamalar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik”<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n \"Levent\n <\/div>\n\n \n
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\u2022 2026 \u2022 SAHA NOTLARI \u2022<\/div>\n\n
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Levent Uzakg\u00f6ren<\/h3>\n YAZAR<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n

\n “T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131m bilincini, g\u00fcvenini ve birlikteli\u011fini yeniden in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k.\n Topra\u011f\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 dijitalin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle birle\u015ftiriyoruz.”\n <\/p>\n\n

\n\n Taze Hayat Ekibi<\/strong>\n\n \n\n \n <\/path>\n <\/polyline>\n <\/svg>\n\n info@tazehayat.com.tr\n\n <\/a>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n
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\n \n <\/path>\n <\/line>\n <\/line>\n <\/svg>\n\n \u00d6nemli Not ve Sorumluluk Reddi<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n
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\n Bu dok\u00fcmanda yer alan t\u00fcm bilgi, \u00f6neri ve uygulamalar; hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bitkisel \u00fcretim faaliyetlerine y\u00f6nelik genel bilgilendirme amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7erik, farkl\u0131 i\u015fletme ko\u015fullar\u0131, iklim, \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler, hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bitki geli\u015fim durumu gibi de\u011fi\u015fkenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.\n <\/p>\n\n

\n Bu dok\u00fcmanda belirtilen uygulamalar\u0131n, sahadaki ger\u00e7ek ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nmadan do\u011frudan uygulanmas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek verim kayb\u0131, hastal\u0131k, zararl\u0131 olu\u015fumu, \u00fcr\u00fcn kayb\u0131 veya ekonomik zararlar ile ilgili herhangi bir sorumluluk kabul edilmez.\n <\/p>\n\n

\n Hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n yetkili bir veteriner hekim kontrol\u00fcnde; bitkisel \u00fcretime y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcbreleme, ila\u00e7lama ve di\u011fer agronomik uygulamalar\u0131n ise ziraat m\u00fchendisi veya ilgili uzmanlar\u0131n \u00f6nerileri do\u011frultusunda planlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemle tavsiye edilir.\n <\/p>\n\n

\n Bu dok\u00fcman, profesyonel dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetinin yerine ge\u00e7mez.\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n