{"id":6953,"date":"2026-09-07T20:09:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T17:09:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/?p=6953"},"modified":"2026-09-23T15:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T12:35:58","slug":"toprak-analizi-okuma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/09\/07\/toprak-analizi-okuma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Toprak Analizi Okuma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Toprak Analizi Nas\u0131l Okunur? Kire\u00e7, pH ve Tuzluluk Islah\u0131nda Bilimsel Rehber<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu rehber, laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen toprak analizi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> do\u011fru \u015fekilde yorumlamak ve tar\u0131msal verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan teknik bir k\u0131lavuzdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7erik; topra\u011f\u0131n pH dengesi<\/strong>, kire\u00e7 oran\u0131<\/strong>, tuzluluk seviyesi<\/strong> ve organik madde miktar\u0131<\/strong> gibi temel parametrelerin bitki geli\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki etkilerini detayl\u0131ca ele almaktad\u0131r. Toprak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygulanacak k\u00fck\u00fcrtleme<\/strong>, kire\u00e7leme<\/strong> ve y\u0131kama<\/strong> gibi \u0131slah y\u00f6ntemleri, bilimsel form\u00fcller ve dozaj tablolar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde sunulmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, hatal\u0131 g\u00fcbreleme uygulamalar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in besin kilitlenmesi<\/strong> ve azot kayb\u0131<\/strong> gibi kritik risklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreticilere \u00f6nemli uyar\u0131lar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Metin, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir tar\u0131m i\u00e7in veriye dayal\u0131 m\u00fcdahale stratejileri ve mevsimsel bir besleme plan\u0131 \u00f6nererek kapsaml\u0131 bir yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7izmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laboratuvardan elimize ula\u015fan bir toprak analiz raporu, topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n o anki sa\u011fl\u0131k foto\u011fraf\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak sahada en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hata, rapordaki say\u0131sal de\u011ferleri sadece “var\/yok” mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla okuyup ezbere g\u00fcbre atmakt\u0131r. Unutmamak gerekir ki bu rehberde sunulan veriler bir “\u00f6n tavsiye”<\/strong> niteli\u011findedir. <\/mark>Kesin ve sahaya \u00f6zel bir re\u00e7ete; topra\u011f\u0131n Katyon De\u011fi\u015fim Kapasitesi (KDK), Tampon pH’s\u0131, Aktif Kire\u00e7 ve Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oran\u0131 (SAR) gibi detayl\u0131 laboratuvar parametrelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcnsel de\u011ferlendirilmesiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Laboratuvardan elimize ula\u015fan bir toprak analiz raporu, topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n o anki sa\u011fl\u0131k foto\u011fraf\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak sahada en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hata, rapordaki say\u0131sal de\u011ferleri sadece “var\/yok” mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla okuyup ezbere g\u00fcbre atmakt\u0131r. Unutmamak gerekir ki bu rehberde sunulan veriler bir “\u00f6n tavsiye”<\/strong> niteli\u011findedir.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kesin ve sahaya \u00f6zel bir re\u00e7ete; topra\u011f\u0131n Katyon De\u011fi\u015fim Kapasitesi (KDK), Tampon pH’s\u0131, Aktif Kire\u00e7 ve Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oran\u0131 (SAR) gibi detayl\u0131 laboratuvar parametrelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcnsel de\u011ferlendirilmesiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makalede; T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00fcksek pH, kilitli kire\u00e7, tuzluluk ve yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00fcbreleme risklerini bilimsel esaslarla ve saha ger\u00e7ekleriyle ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Temel Parametrelerin Analizi ve Yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Toprak analiz ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda ilk bakmam\u0131z gereken yer; pH, Kire\u00e7, Organik Madde ve Tuzluluk (EC) s\u00fctunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu parametrelerin bitki k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki biyokimyasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PARAMETRE<\/th>DE\u011eER ARALI\u011eI<\/th>SINIFLANDIRMA<\/th>TOPRAKTAK\u0130 B\u0130YOK\u0130MYASAL ETK\u0130S\u0130 VE KR\u0130T\u0130K R\u0130SKLER<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
pH (Asitlik\/Alkalilik)<\/strong><\/td>< 5.5<\/td>Kuvvetli Asit<\/td>Al\u00fcminyum (Al) ve Manganez (Mn) toksisitesi ba\u015flar. Fosfor ve Kalsiyum kilitlenir.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>5.5 – 6.0<\/td>Orta\/Hafif Asit<\/td>\u00c7ilek, Patates gibi asit sever (asidofil) bitkiler i\u00e7in ideal; tah\u0131llar i\u00e7in alt s\u0131n\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>6.0 – 6.8<\/td>OPT\u0130MUM ARALIK<\/td>\u00c7o\u011fu sebze ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bitkisi i\u00e7in besin elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n maksimum yaray\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k noktas\u0131.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>6.9 – 7.5<\/td>N\u00f6tr \/ Kabul Edilebilir<\/td>Kabul edilebilir aral\u0131k. Ancak 7.2 \u00fczeri de\u011ferlerde mikro element al\u0131m\u0131 yava\u015flar.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>> 7.5<\/td>Kuvvetli Alkalin<\/td>Demir (Fe), \u00c7inko (Zn), Mangan (Mn) ve Bor (B) kilitlenir. Not: Kurak b\u00f6lgelerde Bor birikip toksik seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/td><\/tr>
Kire\u00e7 (CaCO\u2083 %<\/strong>)<\/td>%0 – 5<\/td>Az Kire\u00e7li<\/td>Tamponlama kapasitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; pH de\u011fi\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>
(Aktif Kire\u00e7 \u00d6nemlidir)<\/strong><\/td>%5 – 15<\/td>Orta Kire\u00e7li<\/td>T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131n\u0131n tipik yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Asit karakterli g\u00fcbreleme stratejisi ister.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>> %15<\/td>\u00c7ok Y\u00fcksek Kire\u00e7li<\/td>Fosfor, Kalsiyum ile birle\u015fip Trikalsiyum Fosfat olu\u015fturur; kilitlenir. \u00c7inko ve Demir al\u0131m\u0131 durur.<\/td><\/tr>
Organik Madde (%)<\/strong><\/td>< %1.0<\/td>\u00c7ok Fakir<\/td>Su ve besin tutma kapasitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Agregat yap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fmaz, \u00e7abuk kaymak ba\u011flar.<\/td><\/tr>
(C\/N Oran\u0131 \u00d6nemli)<\/strong><\/td>%1.0 – 2.0<\/td>Fakir \/ Orta<\/td>T\u00fcrkiye ortalamas\u0131 (%1.5). Verim k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r, acil organik takviye gerekir.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>> %3.0<\/td>\u0130deal \/ Zengin<\/td>Y\u00fcksek KDK, ideal su tutma ve y\u00fcksek mikrobiyolojik aktivite.<\/td><\/tr>
EC (Tuzluluk – dS\/m)<\/strong><\/td>< 1.7<\/td>Tuzsuz<\/td>T\u00fcm hassas bitkiler (M\u0131s\u0131r, \u00c7ilek, Fasulye) i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lge.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>1.7 – 4.0<\/td>Hafif \/ Orta Tuzlu<\/td>M\u0131s\u0131r ve sebzelerde verim kayb\u0131 ba\u015flar; Arpa, \u015eeker Pancar\u0131 ve Pamuk gibi toleransl\u0131 bitkiler etkilenmez.<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>> 4.0<\/td>Y\u00fcksek Tuzlu<\/td>K\u00f6klerde ozmotik stres ba\u015flar (bitki suda dahi olsa su \u00e7ekemez). Acil drenaj ve y\u0131kama \u015fart!<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. pH D\u00fczenleme: Tamponlama ve Islah Protokolleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011fa ne kadar k\u00fck\u00fcrt veya kire\u00e7 ataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sadece topra\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcnyesi (kum\/t\u0131n\/kil) belirlemez. Topra\u011f\u0131n Tamponlama Kapasitesi (KDK ve Kire\u00e7 %’si)<\/strong> en anahtar fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek kire\u00e7li topraklarda at\u0131lan k\u00fck\u00fcrt \u00f6nce ortamdaki kire\u00e7le reaksiyona girer; bu y\u00fczden pH’y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \u00e7ok daha fazla k\u00fck\u00fcrt gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A) Y\u00fcksek pH (> 7.5) D\u00fczeltme Metotlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. Toz Elemental K\u00fck\u00fcrt ve Biyolojik Oksidasyon S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Toprak bakterilerinin (Thiobacillus<\/em>) k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fc s\u00fclf\u00fcrik aside d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en az 15\u00b0C olmas\u0131<\/strong> ve topra\u011f\u0131n nemli bulunmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Biyolojik S\u0131n\u0131r (pH > 8.5 Durumu):<\/strong> Thiobacillus<\/em> bakterileri optimum pH 6.0 \u2013 8.0 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer toprak pH’s\u0131 8.5’in \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa<\/strong> bakteri aktivitesi ciddi oranda duraklar ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt oksidasyonu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yava\u015flar. Bu durumda do\u011frudan k\u00fck\u00fcrde g\u00fcvenmek yerine, ilk etapta Amonyum S\u00fclfat<\/strong> veya Fosforik Asit<\/strong> uygulamalar\u0131 ile k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesini lokal olarak pH 8.0 alt\u0131na \u00e7ekip bakteri aktivitesini tetiklemek \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Uygulama Zaman\u0131:<\/strong> Sonbahar uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilir ancak toprak so\u011fudu\u011funda bakteri faaliyeti durur. Etkisi ilkbaharda s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckselince g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130lkbahar dikiminden 2-3 ay \u00f6nce topra\u011fa 15-20 cm derinlikte kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 en idealidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dozaj Hesaplamas\u0131 (1 pH Birimi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \u0130\u00e7in):<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Kire\u00e7li & Kumlu Toprak: 30 – 50 kg\/da<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u0131nl\u0131 Toprak: 50 – 80 kg\/da<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Y\u00fcksek Kire\u00e7li (%10-15+) & Killi Toprak: 100 – 150 kg\/da<\/strong> (Laboratuvarda “K\u00fck\u00fcrt \u0130htiyac\u0131 Testi” yap\u0131lmadan 150 kg\/da \u00fczerine tek seferde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Aktif Kire\u00e7 (Reaktif CaCO\u2083) Ayr\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Dozaj tablosu rapordaki Toplam Kire\u00e7 verisi baz al\u0131narak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak laboratuvar raporunda Aktif Kire\u00e7 (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir\/Reaktif CaCO\u2083)<\/strong> verisi varsa, pH de\u011fi\u015fimindeki direnci belirleyen as\u0131l parametre budur. E\u011fer Aktif Kire\u00e7 %5’in alt\u0131nda ise<\/strong>, Toplam Kire\u00e7 %15’in \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u0131ksa dahi topra\u011f\u0131n tamponlama g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Bu durumda k\u00fck\u00fcrt dozaj\u0131n\u0131 bir alt dilime \u00e7ekebilirsin (\u00f6rne\u011fin killi toprakta 100-120 kg yerine 80 kg\/da uygulanabilir).<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      2. Kademeli ve Sezonluk pH D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Y\u00fcksek k\u00fck\u00fcrt maliyetinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak veya kademeli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in fizyolojik asit g\u00fcbreler tercih edilir: Amonyum S\u00fclfat [ (NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084 ]<\/strong> ve Potasyum S\u00fclfat [ K\u2082SO\u2084 ]<\/strong>. Damla sulama sistemlerinde ise periyodik Fosforik Asit (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/strong> veya Nitrik Asit (HNO\u2083)<\/strong> uygulamas\u0131 k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki pH’y\u0131 anl\u0131k ve lokal olarak alt seviyelere \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH (< 5.5) D\u00fczeltme (Kire\u00e7leme)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Kire\u00e7 \u0130htiyac\u0131 Analizi:<\/strong> Kesin dozaj “Tampon pH” testi ile belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Materyal Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Tar\u0131m Kireci (CaCO\u2083) \/ Dolomit [CaMg(CO\u2083)\u2082]:<\/mark><\/strong> Yava\u015f sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Kumlu toprakta 150-200 kg\/da, Killi toprakta 300-400 kg\/da ile ba\u015flanabilir. Toprakta Mg eksikse kesinlikle Dolomit se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • S\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f Kire\u00e7 [Ca(OH)\u2082] veya S\u00f6nmemi\u015f Kire\u00e7 [CaO]:<\/strong> <\/mark>Reaktivitesi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. CaCO\u2083’a g\u00f6re %30-40 daha az dozaj kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dikimden hemen \u00f6nce at\u0131l\u0131rsa k\u00f6kleri yakma riski ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        3. Toprak Islah\u0131: Organik Madde, C\/N Oran\u0131 ve Tuzluluk (EC\/SAR)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        A) Organik Madde ve Karbon\/Azot (C\/N) Dengesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Topra\u011fa organik materyal ilave ederken C\/N (Karbon\/Azot) oran\u0131na<\/strong> dikkat edilmelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Y\u00fcksek C\/N Riski (Sap, Saman, Olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f Ot):<\/strong> E\u011fer topra\u011fa C\/N oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek (30:1’den b\u00fcy\u00fck) sap\/saman g\u00f6mersek, topraktaki mikroorganizmalar bu karbonu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in topraktaki mevcut AZOTU T\u00dcKET\u0130R<\/strong>. Bitki ge\u00e7ici olarak azotsuz kal\u0131r (Azot A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131). Bu y\u00fczden y\u00fcksek karbonlu materyal g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrken dekara 3-5 kg saf Azot takviyesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u0130deal Uygulama:<\/strong> Tam olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f\/kompostla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7iftlik g\u00fcbresi (2-3 ton\/da) veya C\/N oran\u0131 10:1 – 15:1 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan kaliteli Humik + F\u00fclvik asitler tercih edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          B) Tuzluluk (EC) ve Sodyum (SAR) Y\u00f6netimi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Al\u00e7\u0131 (Jips – CaSO\u2084) Kullan\u0131m \u015eart\u0131:<\/strong> Al\u00e7\u0131 sadece tuzlu topra\u011fa at\u0131lmaz. Analiz raporunda SAR (Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oran\u0131) > 13<\/strong> veya De\u011fi\u015febilir Sodyum Y\u00fczdesi (ESP) > %15<\/strong> ise (yani toprak Sodyumlu\/Alkali ise) at\u0131l\u0131r. Kalsiyum, kil zerrelerindeki sodyumun yerini al\u0131r; yer de\u011fi\u015ftiren sodyum ise s\u00fclfat ile birle\u015ferek y\u0131kan\u0131r ve drenajla uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Y\u0131kama Suyu (LR – Leaching Requirement) Hesab\u0131:<\/strong>Y\u00fcksek EC’li topraklarda tuzu k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bilimsel y\u0131kama ihtiyac\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r:\"\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Kritik Hesap Uyar\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> Form\u00fcldeki $EC_e$ de\u011feri, toprak analiz raporundaki “Doygunluk Ekstrakt\u0131 Tuzlulu\u011fu (ECe)”<\/strong> de\u011feridir. Analiz raporlar\u0131nda bazen verilen $1:5$ (Toprak:Su) s\u00fcspansiyon EC de\u011feri, Doygunluk Ekstrakt\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5-6 kat daha D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcKT\u00dcR. $1:5$ EC de\u011ferini do\u011frudan bu form\u00fcle koyarsan yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7 al\u0131rs\u0131n ve yetersiz sulama yapars\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u00d6rnek:<\/em> Sulama suyunun EC’si $2.0 \\text{ dS\/m}$, toprak $EC_e$ de\u011feri $4.0 \\text{ dS\/m}$ ise $LR = 2 \/ (2 \\times 4) = \\%25$ \u00e7\u0131kar. Yani k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki tuzu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in normal sulama miktar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama %15 – %30 fazlas\u0131<\/strong> temiz su verilmeli ve drenajla tahliye edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

            4. Sahada S\u0131k Yap\u0131lan Hatalar ve Riskli Uygulamalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Amonyak Kayb\u0131 ve Azot U\u00e7mas\u0131:<\/strong> <\/mark>Kire\u00e7leme (CaCO3) veya (CaO) yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan hemen sonra \u00dcre<\/strong> ve Amonyum Nitrat (CAN)<\/strong> kesinlikle topra\u011fa at\u0131lmaz; amonyak gaz\u0131 (NH3) halinde h\u0131zla havaya u\u00e7ar. Fizyolojik asit g\u00fcbre olan Amonyum S\u00fclfat (AS)<\/strong>, b\u00fcnyesindeki s\u00fclfat (SO42) sayesinde serbest kalsiyum ile al\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015fturarak \u00dcre kadar \u015fiddetli amonyak kayb\u0131na u\u011framasa da kire\u00e7le ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn veya y\u00fczeyde a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rak\u0131larak at\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmez. Kire\u00e7leme ile aras\u0131nda en az 1 hafta b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131, uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise muhakkak topra\u011f\u0131n 5-10 cm alt\u0131na kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Yanl\u0131\u015f G\u00fcbre Lokasyonu (K\u00f6k Yakmas\u0131):<\/strong> <\/mark>Taban g\u00fcbreleri (DAP, 15-15-15) tohumun veya fide k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn tam alt\u0131na\/temas edece\u011fi yere konmaz.<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek lokal EC k\u00f6k\u00fc yakar. Bant uygulamalar\u0131nda tohumun 5 cm yan\u0131na ve 5 cm derinli\u011fine d\u00fc\u015fecek \u015fekilde ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Gereksiz Kire\u00e7 Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/mark><\/strong> Toprak analizinde pH 7.2 ve Kire\u00e7 %12 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa, “Topra\u011fa Kalsiyum takviyesi olsun” d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle kire\u00e7 at\u0131lmaz. Zaten var olan y\u00fcksek kire\u00e7, mikro elementleri ve fosforu ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \"\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
            D\u00d6NEM<\/th>TOPRAK\/SAHA KO\u015eULU<\/th>YAPILACAK \u0130\u015eLEM \/ \u00dcR\u00dcN<\/th>UYGULAMA AMACI VE TEKN\u0130K DETAYI<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
            Erken Sonbahar (Ekim \u00d6ncesi)<\/strong><\/td>pH 8.1, Kire\u00e7 %16, S\u0131cakl\u0131k >15\u00b0C<\/td>Toz Elemental K\u00fck\u00fcrt (100 – 120 kg\/da) + Kompost<\/td>Topra\u011fa 15 cm derinlikte kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tamponlama ve y\u00fcksek kire\u00e7 i\u00e7in yeterli dozdur. Thiobacillus k\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fc i\u015fler.<\/td><\/tr>
            Taban G\u00fcbrelemesi<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fcksek Kire\u00e7li & Y\u00fcksek pH<\/td>K\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc Organomineral G\u00fcbre (\u00f6r. 20-20-0 + %10 SO\u2083)<\/td>Kire\u00e7li ortamda fosforun kalsiyumla ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 geciktirmek i\u00e7in asit karakterli k\u00fck\u00fcrt katk\u0131l\u0131 form\u00fcl se\u00e7ilir.<\/td><\/tr>
            B\u00fcy\u00fcme D\u00f6nemi (Damla Sulama)<\/strong><\/td>pH 7.8, Gen\u00e7 Yapraklarda Sararma (Kloroz)<\/td>Fe-EDDHA (Demir \u015eelat\u0131) + Zn-EDTA + Humik\/F\u00fclvik Asit<\/td>pH > 7.5 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in standart demir s\u00fclfat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Y\u00fcksek pH’da kararl\u0131 olan Fe-EDDHA \u015felat\u0131 k\u00f6kten uygulan\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr>
            Hasat Sonras\u0131 \/ K\u0131\u015f Giri\u015fi<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fcksek C\/N Oranl\u0131 An\u0131z G\u00f6mme<\/td>An\u0131z K\u0131rma + Dekara 3-4 kg Saf N (\u00dcre veya AS)<\/td>Bakterilerin sap\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken topraktaki azotu s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesini (azot kilitlenmesini) \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ek azot verilir.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n