{"id":7563,"date":"2026-09-26T11:18:03","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T08:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/?p=7563"},"modified":"2026-09-26T11:18:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T08:18:05","slug":"kanola-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/09\/26\/kanola-yetistiriciligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanola (Kolza) Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi: Ekimden Hasada \u00dcretici Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kanola (Kolza) Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi:
Ekimden Hasada \u00dcretici Rehberi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kanola, ya\u011f elde etmek amac\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilen bir kolza \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00fcretimde ilk karar, \u00e7e\u015fidin ve tarlan\u0131n uygunlu\u011fudur; ard\u0131ndan zaman\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, dengeli bitki besleme ve hasat kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi gelir. Bu rehber, \u00fcreticinin ekim \u00f6ncesinden depolamaya kadar kontrol etmesi gereken noktalar\u0131 \u00f6zetler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanola ile kolza ayn\u0131 \u015fey mi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kolza<\/strong>,<\/mark> ya\u011f bitkisi olarak yeti\u015ftirilen t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan genel add\u0131r. Kanola<\/mark><\/strong> ise ya\u011f ve k\u00fcspesinin belirli kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f kolza \u00e7e\u015fitlerini ifade eder. Tohum al\u0131rken yaln\u0131zca \u201ckolza\u201d ad\u0131na bakmak yerine \u00e7e\u015fidin kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131, kalite \u00f6zelliklerini, b\u00f6lgeye uygunlu\u011funu ve sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanola hangi ko\u015fullarda yeti\u015fir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kanolan\u0131n k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve yazl\u0131k tipleri vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k \u00fcretim yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bitkinin so\u011fu\u011fa dayanabilmesi i\u00e7in sonbaharda d\u00fczenli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapmas\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir k\u00f6k olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015fa rozet d\u00f6neminde girmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Bu nedenle takvimden \u00e7ok, ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprakta yeterli nem bulunmas\u0131 ve bitkinin k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi geli\u015febilmesi<\/mark><\/strong> belirleyicidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kanolan\u0131n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kanola iyi drene olan, derin ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f topraklarda daha elveri\u015fli geli\u015fir. Su biriken, g\u00f6llenen alanlar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00f6k geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyebilir. Ekim \u00f6ncesinde tarlan\u0131n drenaj\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nceki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131z\u0131 de\u011ferlendirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim \u00f6ncesi: tarla, \u00e7e\u015fit ve tohumluk se\u00e7imi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kanola tohumu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu nedenle ekim yata\u011f\u0131 yeterince ince ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn olmal\u0131; tohum, nemli toprakla iyi temas etmelidir. \u00c7ok iri kesekler, d\u00fczensiz ekim derinli\u011fi ve kuru y\u00fczey topra\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7abilir. Toprak i\u015flemesini, tarlan\u0131n tav\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u015fekilde planlay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7e\u015fit se\u00e7erken b\u00f6lgenizde denenmi\u015f k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k veya yazl\u0131k tipleri, k\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131m\u0131, olgunla\u015fma s\u00fcresini ve hasat \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011ferlendirin. G\u00fcncel \u00fcretim izni ile sertifika bilgilerini sat\u0131n alma a\u015famas\u0131nda do\u011frulay\u0131n;<\/strong> <\/mark>eski bir \u00e7e\u015fit listesini tek ba\u015f\u0131na se\u00e7im \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak kullanmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanola ne zaman ve nas\u0131l ekilir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trakya Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn teknik anlat\u0131m\u0131nda k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k kanola i\u00e7in eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, tavl\u0131 topra\u011fa ekim ve bitkinin k\u0131\u015fa yakla\u015f\u0131k 6\u20138 yaprakl\u0131 rozet d\u00f6neminde<\/mark><\/strong> girmesi hedeflenir. Bu, her y\u0131l ve her tarla i\u00e7in sabit bir ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, toprak nemi, \u00e7e\u015fit ve yerel iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumu y\u00fczlek ve e\u015fit derinlikte yerle\u015ftirin. Trakya Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 cm\u2019yi a\u015fmayan ekim derinli\u011fi<\/mark><\/strong> ve kullan\u0131lan ekim d\u00fczenine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 g\/da tohumluk<\/strong> <\/mark>bilgisini verir. Bunlar b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlere ve makinelere uygulanacak de\u011fi\u015fmez dozlar de\u011fildir: tohumun bin tane a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7imlenme g\u00fcc\u00fc, hedef bitki s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekim kayb\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak makine ayar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ekimden sonra \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarlan\u0131n farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00dcretici notu:<\/strong> <\/mark>Ekimden \u00f6nce makineyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda deneyin. Tohum miktar\u0131n\u0131, ger\u00e7ek ekim derinli\u011fini ve s\u0131ra boyunca da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kontrol etmek, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015ftan sonra d\u00fczeltilemeyecek hatalar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcbreleme ve su y\u00f6netimi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcbreleme plan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 toprak analizidir<\/mark><\/strong>. \u00d6nceki \u00fcr\u00fcn, beklenen verim, topraktaki besin maddeleri ve g\u00fcbrenin uygulama zaman\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6zellikle azot ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tek seferlik bir uygulama ya da b\u00fct\u00fcn tarlalara ayn\u0131 ticari g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyin. Fosfor, potasyum, k\u00fck\u00fcrt ve bor ihtiyac\u0131 da analiz ve tarla ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir. Trakya Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00fcbreleme \u00f6nerisini \u00f6ncelikle toprak analizine dayand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada birimlere dikkat edin: \u201ckg saf azot\/da\u201d ile \u201ckg ticari g\u00fcbre\/da\u201d ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/strong> <\/mark>Analizde eksiklik belirlenmeden mikro besin uygulamas\u0131 yapmak da do\u011fru bir genel re\u00e7ete de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonbaharda kurakl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 engelliyorsa ve sulama olana\u011f\u0131 varsa, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayacak su uygulamas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Su miktar\u0131 i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n nemine, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f beklentisine ve tarlan\u0131n drenaj\u0131na bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; g\u00f6llenme olu\u015fturulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim n\u00f6beti, yabanc\u0131 otlar ve bitki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kanola ayn\u0131 tarlada aral\u0131ks\u0131z yeti\u015ftirilecek bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak planlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ekim n\u00f6beti; hastal\u0131k, zararl\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.

\u00d6nceki ve sonraki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri se\u00e7erken \u00f6zellikle ayn\u0131 bitki ailesinden \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, tarlan\u0131n hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ve kullan\u0131lan herbisitlerin takip eden \u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin etiket k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirin. Trakya Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, kanola i\u00e7in ekim n\u00f6betini yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fin temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri olarak ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fcne erken ba\u015flay\u0131n: ekim \u00f6ncesi tarla temizli\u011fi, d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenli g\u00f6zlem ilk ad\u0131mlard\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k veya zararl\u0131 belirtisi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6nce sorunu do\u011fru te\u015fhis edin. Uygulama gerekiyorsa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o \u00fcr\u00fcn ve zararl\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel ruhsat\u0131 bulunan bitki koruma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn etiketine<\/mark><\/strong> ve yerel teknik \u00f6neriye uyun. Eski yeti\u015ftiricilik yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en etken madde, ticari ad ve dozlar g\u00fcncel ruhsat do\u011frulamas\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fcne erken ba\u015flay\u0131n: ekim \u00f6ncesi tarla temizli\u011fi, d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenli g\u00f6zlem ilk ad\u0131mlard\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k veya zararl\u0131 belirtisi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00f6nce sorunu do\u011fru te\u015fhis edin. Uygulama gerekiyorsa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o \u00fcr\u00fcn ve zararl\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel ruhsat\u0131 bulunan bitki koruma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn etiketine<\/mark><\/strong> ve yerel teknik \u00f6neriye uyun. Eski yeti\u015ftiricilik yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en etken madde, ticari ad ve dozlar g\u00fcncel ruhsat do\u011frulamas\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hasat zaman\u0131 nas\u0131l belirlenir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hasad\u0131 yaln\u0131zca takvim tarihine ya da tarlan\u0131n uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcnen rengine g\u00f6re kararla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n. Tarlan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinden kaps\u00fcller al\u0131p tohumun olgunlu\u011funu ve nemin<\/mark>i<\/strong> kontrol edin. Erken hasat olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f tohum oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir; gecikme ise kaps\u00fcl \u00e7atlamas\u0131 ve tane d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi riskini y\u00fckseltebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudan bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verle hasat ile \u00f6nce bi\u00e7ip namluya b\u0131rakma aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im; \u00e7e\u015fidin kaps\u00fcl \u00e7atlamas\u0131na dayan\u0131m\u0131, tarladaki olgunla\u015fman\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi, hava durumu ve ekipmana g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 tarlada tane kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7erek d\u00fczeltin. Canola Council of Canada, hasat y\u00f6nteminin ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n tarla baz\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmesini \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hasat edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn nemliyse depoya al\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce uygun bi\u00e7imde kurutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Trakya Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn teknik metni, g\u00fcvenli depolama i\u00e7in tane neminin %8\u2019in alt\u0131na indirilmesini<\/strong> <\/mark>belirtir. Depolama karar\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kalite ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ger\u00e7ek tane nemini esas al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kanola\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanola yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde en kritik ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7, tavl\u0131 topra\u011fa d\u00fczg\u00fcn ekim yap\u0131p k\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncesi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve e\u015fit bir bitki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r<\/strong>. <\/mark>G\u00fcbreleme ve bitki koruma kararlar\u0131n\u0131 tarla analizleri ile g\u00f6zleme dayand\u0131r\u0131n; hasatta ise tohum olgunlu\u011funu ve tane kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn. B\u00f6ylece genel takvimleri kendi tarlan\u0131z i\u00e7in uygulanabilir kararlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n