{"id":8798,"date":"2026-10-13T10:51:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T07:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/?p=8798"},"modified":"2026-10-25T18:10:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T15:10:10","slug":"domates-yetistiriciligi-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tazehayat.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/10\/13\/domates-yetistiriciligi-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi: Sofral\u0131k ve Sal\u00e7al\u0131k Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi:
A\u00e7\u0131k Tarla \u00dcretici Rehberi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k tarlada domates yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ilk karar, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sofral\u0131k m\u0131 yoksa sal\u00e7al\u0131k m\u0131 \u00fcretilece\u011fidir. Bu se\u00e7im yaln\u0131zca meyvenin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez; \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imini, bak\u0131m program\u0131n\u0131, hasat d\u00fczenini ve sat\u0131\u015f kanal\u0131n\u0131 da belirler. Sofral\u0131k \u00fcretimde t\u00fcketicinin istedi\u011fi lezzet, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve ta\u015f\u0131ma dayan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Sal\u00e7al\u0131k \u00fcretimde ise i\u015fleme tesisinin kabul etti\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fit, olgunluk, renk ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr kuru madde \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. \u00dcretim plan\u0131, fide sipari\u015finden \u00f6nce bu ayr\u0131m \u00fczerine kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sofral\u0131k ve sal\u00e7al\u0131k domatesin fark\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sofral\u0131k ve sal\u00e7al\u0131k domates, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrler de\u011fil; kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayr\u0131lan \u00fcretim gruplar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131r\u0131k ve oturak ayr\u0131m\u0131 ise bitkinin b\u00fcy\u00fcme yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Bu nedenle her sofral\u0131k domates s\u0131r\u0131k, her oturak domates de sal\u00e7al\u0131k de\u011fildir. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kta domates rehberi kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fcme yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kta Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcretim plan\u0131 olu\u015ftururken \u015fu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma kullan\u0131labilir:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sofral\u0131k\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00dcretime pazar\u0131 belirleyerek ba\u015flay\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fide sipari\u015finden \u00f6nce \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nereye sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00fcretim plan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.

Sofral\u0131k \u00fcretimde<\/mark><\/strong> al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fi meyve tipi, boylama, ambalaj ve teslim s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin. Hasat d\u00f6neminde d\u00fczenli i\u015f\u00e7i ve kasa teminini hesaba kat\u0131n.
Sal\u00e7al\u0131k \u00fcretimde<\/mark><\/strong> kabul edilen \u00e7e\u015fidi, teslim tarihini, kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, nakliye sorumlulu\u011funu ve \u00f6deme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturun. Al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00b0Brix \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorun.
\u00b0Brix<\/strong>,<\/mark> refraktometreyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ve domates suyunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr kat\u0131 madde i\u00e7eri\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmede kullan\u0131lan bir de\u011ferdir. Domateste yaln\u0131zca \u015feker miktar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez; toplam kuru maddeyle de ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sal\u00e7al\u0131k \u00fcretimde sulama y\u00f6netimi bu de\u011feri etkileyebilir, ancak kaliteyi art\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 verim kayb\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a> \/ Brix nedir?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sofral\u0131k\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Tarla ve dikim zaman\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7ilmeli?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Domates s\u0131cak mevsim bitkisidir. A\u00e7\u0131k tarla dikimini takvim tarihinden \u00f6nce don riski, topra\u011f\u0131n tav\u0131 ve yerel hava ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong> belirlemelidir.
\u0130yi drenajl\u0131, organik maddece yeterli topraklar tercih edilir. \u00d6nceki y\u0131llarda domates, biber, patl\u0131can veya patates yeti\u015ftirilen alanlarda hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sorgulanmal\u0131; ayn\u0131 familyan\u0131n art arda yeti\u015ftirilmesinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kta Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi<\/mark><\/strong><\/a> Ayr\u0131ca sera ve a\u00e7\u0131k alan \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in H\u0131yar Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi Rehberi<\/mark><\/strong><\/a> i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toprak pH\u2019s\u0131 ve dikim s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Hafif asidik\u2013n\u00f6tr topraklar uygundur. pH 6,0\u20137,0<\/strong>, genel planlamada kullan\u0131labilecek bir hedef aral\u0131kt\u0131r; kaynaklarda 5,5\u20137,0 ve 6,5\u20137,0 gibi farkl\u0131 uygun aral\u0131klar da verilir. Bu nedenle 6,0 de\u011ferini kesin bir alt s\u0131n\u0131r kabul etmeyin; kire\u00e7leme veya di\u011fer d\u00fczeltmeleri analiz ve yerel teknik \u00f6neriye g\u00f6re yap\u0131n. University of Minnesota Extension<\/a>, University of Missouri Extension<\/a>

Fide dikiminde yaln\u0131zca hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmay\u0131n. University of Missouri Extension, toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 60 \u00b0F\u2019nin, yakla\u015f\u0131k 15,6 \u00b0C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde<\/strong> olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir. Pratikte k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki topra\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 15\u201316 \u00b0C ve \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>, don riskinin ge\u00e7mesini ve takip eden g\u00fcnlerin uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirin. So\u011fuk toprakta erkencilik u\u011fruna dikimi \u00f6ne \u00e7ekmeyin. So\u011fuk toprak k\u00f6klerin geli\u015fimini ve besin al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatabilir. University of Missouri Extension<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcnavebede patatesi de hesaba kat\u0131n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcnavebe veya ekim n\u00f6beti<\/strong>,<\/mark> ayn\u0131 parselde \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin planl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde birbirini izlemesidir. Domates, biber, patl\u0131can ve patates patl\u0131cangiller (Solanaceae)<\/strong> familyas\u0131ndad\u0131r; bunlar\u0131 birbirinin yerine yeti\u015ftirmek aile d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fcnavebe say\u0131lmaz. \u00dcr\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fine g\u00f6re aile d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki uygun \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle bir program kurun. Hastal\u0131k varsa ara s\u00fcresini ve \u00fcr\u00fcn se\u00e7imini te\u015fhis edilen etmenin konuk\u00e7ular\u0131na ve toprakta kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleyin; m\u00fcnavebe tek ba\u015f\u0131na her hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. University of Minnesota Extension<\/a>

Mildiy\u00f6 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 dikkat:<\/strong> <\/mark>Domates ve patates mildiy\u00f6s\u00fcn\u00fcn etmeni Phytophthora infestans<\/em>, yaln\u0131zca toprak k\u00f6kenli bir sorun gibi de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. Bula\u015f\u0131k patates yumrular\u0131, kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kan patatesler, enfekteli fideler ve havayla ta\u015f\u0131nan sporlar da bula\u015fma kaynaklar\u0131 olabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcnavebeye ek olarak bu kaynaklar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc gerekir. University of Minnesota Extension \u2014 Late blight of tomato and potato<\/a>

Dikim \u00f6ncesi karar:<\/mark><\/strong> Parselin don ve drenaj riskini, sulama kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hasat eri\u015fimini birlikte de\u011ferlendirin. Erkencilik hedefi, fideleri uygun olmayan ko\u015fullarda dikmenin gerek\u00e7esi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 fide ve do\u011fru dikim d\u00fczeni<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fideleri teslim al\u0131rken k\u00f6k geli\u015fimi, g\u00f6vde sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu kontrol edin. \u015e\u00fcpheli belirti g\u00f6steren partileri dikimden \u00f6nce teknik de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131n; fide kayna\u011f\u0131 ve parti bilgilerini kaydedin.Dikimi serin saatlerde, tavl\u0131 topra\u011fa yap\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan can suyu verin.

Tek bir dikim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlere uygulamay\u0131n:<\/strong> <\/mark>bitkinin yay\u0131lma g\u00fcc\u00fc, destek sistemi ve kullan\u0131lacak makineler yerle\u015fimi belirler. A\u00e7\u0131kta Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikim derinli\u011fi ve bo\u011faz doldurma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Domates g\u00f6vdesi toprakla temas eden b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden adventif, yani ek k\u00f6kler<\/strong> olu\u015fturabilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, a\u015f\u0131s\u0131z<\/strong> fidelerde alt g\u00f6vdenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 topra\u011fa almak k\u00f6k sisteminin geli\u015fmesini ve bitkinin tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyebilir. Alt yapraklar toprak alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131; kalan en alt yapraklar ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme ucu toprak \u00fczerinde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. So\u011fuk, havas\u0131z veya suya doygun toprakta derin dikim yapmay\u0131n. University of Minnesota Extension<\/a>

\u0130lk y\u00fczeysel \u00e7apada g\u00f6vde \u00e7evresine hafif\u00e7e toprak \u00e7ekilmesi, uygun ko\u015fullarda bitkinin tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyebilir; bunu derin \u00e7apa veya k\u00f6kleri kesen bir i\u015fleme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyin. R\u00fczg\u00e2ra kar\u015f\u0131 gerekti\u011finde destek sistemi kullan\u0131n.

A\u015f\u0131l\u0131 fide istisnas\u0131:<\/mark><\/strong> A\u015f\u0131 noktas\u0131 toprak \u00fczerinde kalmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcst \u00e7e\u015fidin g\u00f6vdesini k\u00f6klendirecek kadar g\u00f6mmek veya bo\u011faz doldurmak, anac\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydalar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Purdue Extension \u2014 Techniques for Tomato Grafting<\/a>

Sofral\u0131k parsellerde toplama ve ta\u015f\u0131ma koridorlar\u0131n\u0131; sal\u00e7al\u0131k parsellerde ise hasat makinesi ve sevkiyat eri\u015fimini dikimden \u00f6nce planlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Sulama: ortak temel, farkl\u0131 hasat y\u00f6netimi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sulama program\u0131n\u0131 \u201cka\u00e7 g\u00fcnde bir?\u201d sorusuyla s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131n. Toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, hava ko\u015fullar\u0131, bitkinin geli\u015fimi ve sulama sisteminin debisi birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.

Damla sulamada uygulanan suyun k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve parsel boyunca da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. \u00c7i\u00e7eklenmeden meyve geli\u015fimine ilerledik\u00e7e su ihtiyac\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sulama da yetersiz sulama kadar sorun yaratabilir. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a>

Sofral\u0131kta:<\/mark><\/strong> Hasat devam ederken su y\u00f6netimini meyve kalitesi ve bitkinin \u00fcretime devam etmesi \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirin.
Sal\u00e7al\u0131kta:<\/mark><\/strong> Olgunla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde sulaman\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr kuru madde y\u00f6netiminin par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir. Ancak \u201chasattan \u015fu kadar g\u00fcn \u00f6nce suyu kesin\u201d bi\u00e7iminde sabit bir kural kullanmay\u0131n. Topra\u011f\u0131n su tutmas\u0131, sulama y\u00f6ntemi, meyvelerin olgunluk da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve hasat tarihi karar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a> Sulama kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Sulama Zamanlamas\u0131 ve Su Tasarrufu Teknikleri<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00e7lama ve yabanc\u0131 ot y\u00f6netimi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Dikimden \u00f6nce s\u0131ra \u00fczeri mal\u00e7 ve s\u0131ra aras\u0131 \u00e7apa plan\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. Siyah polietilen mal\u00e7<\/strong>, toprak y\u00fczeyinden buharla\u015fmay\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 otun geli\u015fimini s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir; serin d\u00f6nemde topra\u011f\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da destekler. Ancak topra\u011f\u0131 so\u011futan bir \u00f6rt\u00fc de\u011fildir: s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma riski de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Mal\u00e7 se\u00e7imini mevsime, toprak ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve i\u015fletmenin sulama\u2013hasat sistemine g\u00f6re yap\u0131n. University of Missouri Extension<\/a>

Mal\u00e7, toprak ve bula\u015f\u0131k art\u0131klar\u0131n ya\u011fmurla alt yapraklara s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine katk\u0131 sa\u011flar; b\u00fct\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemez. Damla sulama ile birlikte yapraklar\u0131n \u0131slanmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltan bir d\u00fczen kurulabilir. University of Minnesota Extension \u2014 Early blight in tomato and potato<\/a>

Mal\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmayan alanlarda yabanc\u0131 otlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken y\u00fczeysel mekanik \u00e7apa yap\u0131n; k\u00f6kleri zedeleyen derin i\u015flemeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Sal\u00e7al\u0131kta \u00f6zellikle makineli hasat planlan\u0131yorsa mal\u00e7\u0131n makine ve toplama sistemiyle uyumunu \u00f6nceden do\u011frulay\u0131n. Plastik \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn sezon sonunda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u015f plan\u0131na ekleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Siyah\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5. G\u00fcbreleme: analize dayal\u0131 bir program kurun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcbre miktar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hedef verime g\u00f6re belirlemek yerine, topra\u011f\u0131n mevcut besin durumunu ve sulama suyunun \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011ferlendirin. Analiz raporundaki pH topra\u011f\u0131n asitlik\u2013alkalilik durumunu, EC ise tuzlulu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi ve laboratuvar\u0131n yorumuyla birlikte ele al\u0131n.

Raporu yorumlamak i\u00e7in Toprak Analizi Okuma Rehberi<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlanabilirsiniz. Fosfor ve potasyum gibi besinlerde analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Gere\u011finden fazla azot, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ye\u015fil aksam geli\u015fmesine ve meyve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc riskinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Sezon i\u00e7indeki bitki analizleri de beslenme program\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde kullan\u0131labilir. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a>

EC\u2019yi do\u011fru yorumlay\u0131n:<\/strong> <\/mark>Sulama suyunun EC\u2019si, topra\u011f\u0131n doygunluk ekstrakt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen EC (ECe) ve farkl\u0131 oranlarla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f toprak\u2013su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n EC sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm de\u011fildir. Bunlara tek bir tuzluluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 uygulamay\u0131n. Tuzluluk \u015f\u00fcphesinde analiz y\u00f6ntemi, su kalitesi, drenaj ve g\u00fcbreleme yo\u011funlu\u011funu birlikte de\u011ferlendirin.

Sofral\u0131kta uzun toplama d\u00f6nemini, sal\u00e7al\u0131kta ise planlanan olgunla\u015fma ve teslim zaman\u0131n\u0131 besleme program\u0131na d\u00e2hil edin. Her iki \u00fcretim i\u00e7in de analiz olmadan sabit bir dekar re\u00e7etesi kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Destek ve budama her domateste ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Budama karar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131m amac\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7e\u015fidin b\u00fcy\u00fcme yap\u0131s\u0131na<\/strong> g\u00f6re verin. S\u0131r\u0131k sofral\u0131k \u00fcretimde destek ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u00f6netimi planlanabilir; oturak \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayn\u0131 program do\u011frudan uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 budama, meyveleri koruyan yaprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc azaltabilir. Yaprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc korumak g\u00fcne\u015f yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; \u00e7ok s\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc ise baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 riskler olu\u015fturabilir. Ama\u00e7, bitkiyi gereksiz yere a\u00e7mak yerine uygun bir denge kurmakt\u0131r. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenli izleyin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tarla kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc dikimden ba\u015flayarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcn. Yaprak, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131 ve meyvelerdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin.

Domateste mildiy\u00f6, erken yaprak yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bakteriyel hastal\u0131klar, solgunluklar ve vir\u00fcsler; zararl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ise beyazsinek, trips, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u00f6r\u00fcmcekler ve ye\u015filkurt de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken gruplard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de domates g\u00fcvesi (Tuta absoluta<\/em>)<\/strong>,<\/mark> Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n teknik talimatlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Yapraklarda galeriler ve meyvelerde giri\u015f delikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, zararl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden inceleme gerektirir. TAGEM \u2014 Sebze Zararl\u0131lar\u0131 Zirai M\u00fccadele Teknik Talimatlar\u0131<\/a>

K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u00f6r\u00fcmcekler:<\/strong> <\/mark>\u0130ki noktal\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6r\u00fcmcek (Tetranychus urticae<\/em>) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere akarlar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle s\u0131cak ve kuru d\u00f6nemlerde izleyin. Yapraklarda a\u00e7\u0131k renkli noktasal lekeler, sararma, bronzla\u015fma ve ileri zararda kuruma g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Yaprak altlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7le inceleyin; her sararmay\u0131 akar zarar\u0131 kabul etmeyin. TAGEM \u2014 Sebze Zararl\u0131lar\u0131 Zirai M\u00fccadele Teknik Talimatlar\u0131<\/a>

Ye\u015filkurt (Helicoverpa armigera<\/em>):<\/mark><\/strong> Larvalar meyvelere girerek beslenebilir; zarar g\u00f6ren meyvelerde ikincil \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fckler geli\u015febilir. Meyve deliklerini, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve larvalar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirin; domates g\u00fcvesiyle kar\u0131\u015fabilecek zararlar\u0131 teknik te\u015fhisle ay\u0131r\u0131n. Zararl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131 b\u00f6lge ve sezona g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir; hepsini domates g\u00fcvesiyle ayn\u0131 yayg\u0131nl\u0131kta kabul etmeyin. TAGEM \u2014 A\u00e7\u0131k Alan Domates Entegre M\u00fccadele Teknik Talimat\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Domateste\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n temeli i\u00e7in Entegre Zararl\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi (IPM)<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131na bakabilirsiniz.

M\u00fccadele karar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca belirti foto\u011fraf\u0131na dayand\u0131rmay\u0131n. Etmeni do\u011frulat\u0131n; gerekli uygulamay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel ruhsat, etiket ve hasat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleyin.

S\u0131k hasat edilen sofral\u0131k parsellerde uygulama ve toplama kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 birlikte tutun. Hasat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, son ila\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 ile hasat aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mesi gereken s\u00fcredir.

Uygulay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve koruyucu ekipman i\u00e7in de etiket h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uyun. Yayg\u0131n solgunluk, benzer belirtilerin bir arada g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi veya h\u0131zla ilerleyen zarar durumunda \u0130l\/\u0130l\u00e7e Tar\u0131m ve Orman M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da yetkin bir ziraat m\u00fchendisinden destek al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u00c7i\u00e7ek burnu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hastal\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Meyvenin \u00e7i\u00e7ek ucunda koyu, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fck ve derimsi bir alan olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek burnu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong> belirtisi olabilir.<\/mark> Bu fizyolojik bozukluk, geli\u015fen meyvede kalsiyum yetersizli\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilidir.Toprakta yeterli kalsiyum bulunmas\u0131 sorunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nlemez. \u00d6nemli olan, kalsiyumun k\u00f6klerden al\u0131narak geli\u015fen meyveye yeterince ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fczensiz sulama, kurakl\u0131k, suya doygun veya so\u011fuk toprak ve k\u00f6k hasar\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci bozabilir. University of Maryland Extension<\/a>

Besin dengesi ve tuzluluk:<\/strong> <\/mark>Y\u00fcksek amonyum azotu (NH\u2084\u207a), potasyum (K\u207a) ve magnezyum (Mg\u00b2\u207a) yo\u011funluklar\u0131 kalsiyumun (Ca\u00b2\u207a) al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu etkile\u015fim, besinler aras\u0131ndaki antagonizma<\/strong>,<\/mark> yani birbirinin al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir; kalsiyum al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n her durumda tamamen durmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Gere\u011finden fazla toplam azotun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yaprak geli\u015fimini te\u015fvik etmesi de meyveye kalsiyum ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilir. University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison Extension<\/a>

Y\u00fcksek tuzluluk<\/mark><\/strong> da su ve besin al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyerek \u00e7i\u00e7ek burnu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc riskine katk\u0131da bulunabilir. G\u00fcbre yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi nemini, drenaj\u0131, analizdeki EC\u2019yi ve azotun formunu kontrol edin. Potasyum gerekli bir besin elementidir; ama\u00e7 onu kald\u0131rmak de\u011fil, analize g\u00f6re dengeli uygulamakt\u0131r. University of Massachusetts Amherst \u2014 Vegetable Notes, 2026, 38:13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7i\u00e7ek d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc ve meyve tutumu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 32 \u00b0C\u2019yi a\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, \u00f6zellikle 32\u201335 \u00b0C ve \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemler<\/strong>, meyve tutumunu azaltabilir. Gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek kalmas\u0131 da riski art\u0131r\u0131r; kaynaklar yakla\u015f\u0131k 21\u201324 \u00b0C ve \u00fczerindeki<\/strong> gecelerde sorun g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fini bildirir. Bu de\u011ferler kesin \u201cd\u00f6llenme durur\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 de\u011fildir: \u00e7e\u015fit, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcresi, nem ve bitkinin su durumu sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Penn State Extension \u2014 Heat Stress and Tomatoes<\/a>, University of Missouri Extension \u2014 Tomatoes struggle in summer heat<\/a>

Is\u0131 stresi polen geli\u015fimini, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7imlenmesini ve polen t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini olumsuz etkileyebilir; \u00e7i\u00e7ek d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck meyve tutumu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Her s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm polenlerin k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymay\u0131n. Dikim ve \u00e7e\u015fit plan\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmenin yo\u011fun s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma riskini de\u011ferlendirin; s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemde k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesindeki nemi d\u00fczenli izleyin ve meyveleri koruyan yaprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc gereksiz budamayla azaltmay\u0131n. Flavonols improve thermotolerance in tomato pollen during germination and tube elongation by maintaining ROS homeostasis<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Hasat ve sevkiyat plan\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131 kurun<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sofral\u0131k domateste<\/mark><\/strong> hasat olgunlu\u011fu; pazar\u0131n uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, \u00e7e\u015fidin \u00f6zelliklerine ve al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n talebine g\u00f6re belirlenir. Se\u00e7ici toplama, ay\u0131klama ve ambalajlama i\u00e7in sezon boyunca d\u00fczen gerekir.

Sal\u00e7al\u0131k domateste<\/strong> <\/mark>teslim program\u0131 ile tarladaki olgunla\u015fma birlikte izlenmelidir. Makineli hasada uygun sistemlerde tek seferlik toplama yap\u0131labilir; elle hasat edilen \u00fcretimde de toplama say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve maliyetini \u00f6nceden planlamak gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131kta Domates Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi<\/a>

Olgun \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc gereksiz yere tarlada bekletmek meyve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc riskini art\u0131rabilir. Hasat, ara\u00e7 ve tesis kabul saatini birlikte planlay\u0131n. ipm.ucanr.edu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n